In the world of cosmetics, the choice of fragrances, whether natural or synthetic, plays a crucial role in the sensory experience of consumers. Both types of fragrances add value to products, but it is essential to understand the differences and the impact of each on health and the environment.
Natural Perfumes: Benefits and Risks
Natural perfumes are extracted from natural sources such as plants, flowers or fruits and are valued for their aromatic authenticity and low environmental impact. These essences bring additional benefits due to their therapeutic properties:
- Essential oils such as lavender , peppermint and eucalyptus are used for their calming, refreshing and decongestant effects.
- They are appreciated for their relaxing effect and relief of allergic symptoms.
Also, natural fragrances can be photo-toxic, which means that exposure to the sun after applying essential oils such as lemon , lime , grapefruit , bitter orange , cumin , tangerine , angelica and rue can lead to adverse skin reactions. These reactions can range from irritation to severe burns.
Synthetic Perfumes: Advantages and Disadvantages
On the other hand, synthetic fragrances are created in laboratories to mimic natural flavors or to produce completely new flavors, offering a wide variety of flavors at a low cost. However, these economic advantages are overshadowed by potential risks:
- Chemical compounds used to enhance and maintain odor, such as phthalates , benzyl salicylate , and polycyclic musks , have been associated with adverse endocrine and respiratory effects.
- The petroleum derivatives used in the production of these perfumes can significantly affect air quality.
Regulations and Consumer Safety
Both natural and synthetic fragrances must comply with the European Union's strict allergen regulations. Any component identified as an allergen and present in concentrations higher than 0.001% in leave-in products or 0.01% in rinse-off products must be mentioned on the product label.
Although the potential allergen is similar in both categories, it is interesting to note that synthetic L-limonene is more harmful to certain organisms compared to its natural variant, indicating differences in ecological and biological impact.
ConCluSIonS
In conclusion, both natural and synthetic fragrances can be allergenic and cause irritation. People with sensitive skin are advised to avoid cosmetic products containing fragrances. In addition to allergic reactions, natural and synthetic perfumes can contain chemical compounds with effects that influence the endocrine system. Pregnant and lactating women should consult a doctor before using perfumed cosmetics. The choice between natural and synthetic fragrances depends on personal preference, specific skin needs, and health and environmental impact considerations.
Sharmeen JB, Mahomoodally FM, Zengin G, Maggi F. Essential Oils as Natural Sources of Fragrance Compounds for Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals. Molecules. 2021 Jan 27;26(3):666. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030666. PMID: 33514008; PMCID: PMC7865210.
Rádis-Baptista G. Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks? J Xenobiot. 2023 Mar 1;13(1):121-131. two: 10.3390/jox13010010. PMID: 36976159; PMCID: PMC10051690.
Sharmeen JB, Mahomoodally FM, Zengin G, Maggi F. Essential Oils as Natural Sources of Fragrance Compounds for Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals. Molecules. 2021 Jan 27;26(3):666. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030666. PMID: 33514008; PMCID: PMC7865210.